02195nas a2200205   4500008004100000020001400041245010700055210006900162300001000231490000700241520157000248100001301818700001701831700002001848700002301868700001401891700002301905700002201928856003901950       2006                        eng d  a1055-790300aHigher level phylogeny of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae) based on DNA sequence data0 aHigher level phylogeny of Satyrinae butterflies Lepidoptera Nymp  a29-490 v403 aWe have inferred the first empirically supported hypothesis of relationships for the cosmopolitan butterfly subfamily Satyrinae. We used 3090 base pairs of DNA from the mitochondrial gene COI and the nuclear genes EF-1 alpha and wingless for 165 Satyrinae taxa representing 4 tribes and 15 subtribes, and 26 outgroups, in order to test the monophyly of the subfamily and elucidate phylogenetic relationships of its major lineages. In a combined analysis, the three gene regions supported an almost fully resolved topology, which recovered Satyrinae as polyphyletic, and revealed that the current classification of suprageneric taxa within the subfamily is comprised almost completely of unnatural assemblages. The most noteworthy findings are that Manataria is closely related to Melanitini; Palaeonympha belongs to Euptychiina; Oressinoma, Orsotriaena and Coenonympha group with the Hypocystina; Miller's (1968). Parargina is polyphyletic and its components group with multiple distantly related lineages; and the subtribes Elymniina and Zetherina fall outside the Satyrinae. The three gene regions used in a combined analysis prove to be very effective in resolving relationships of Satyrinae at the subtribal and tribal levels. Further sampling of the taxa closely related to Satyrinae, as well as more extensive sampling of genera within the tribes and subtribes for this group will be critical to test the monophyly of the subfamily and establish a stronger basis for future biogeographical and evolutionary studies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1 aPena, C.1 aWahlberg, N.1 aWeingartner, E.1 aKodandaramaiah, U.1 aNylin, S.1 aFreitas, A., V. L.1 aBrower, A., V. Z.  u<Go to ISI>://WOS:000238805700004 02110nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245017000055210006900225300001000294490000700304520154000311100002101851700001801872700002301890856003901913       2007                        eng d  a1466-822X00aSpecies richness, composition and abundance of fruit-feeding butterflies in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: comparison between a fragmented and a continuous landscape0 aSpecies richness composition and abundance of fruitfeeding butte  a43-540 v163 aAim To evaluate frugivorous butterflies as indicators of forest disturbance in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Location The study area is located in the municipality of Cotia, Sao Paulo State, south-eastern Brazil (23 degrees 35'-23 degrees 50' S, 46 degrees 45'-47 degrees 15' W). Methods Sampling was done at four sites inside a large forest block, the Morro Grande State Reserve, and in five forest fragments in an adjacent fragmented landscape. Butterflies were sampled with portable traps, baited with a fermented mixture of banana and sugar cane juice. Sampling was carried out during the period most favourable for the capture of frugivorous butterflies in south-eastern Brazil. Results All richness-related results indicated no effect of forest fragmentation on the frugivorous butterfly guild, concurring with the suggestion of appreciable resistance of Atlantic Forest butterflies to habitat modification. However, species composition discriminated between the two landscapes, indicating that fragmentation may have effects beyond simple species richness. When species were analysed individually, clear patterns of distribution emerged, with some species that were very abundant in the fragmented landscape being practically absent in the continuous landscape, and vice versa. This pattern seems consistent even for some subfamilies. Main Conclusion Our findings support the usefulness of the frugivorous butterfly guild as a biological indicator of forest disturbance effects in one of the world's most threatened ecosystems.1 aUehara-Prado, M.1 aBrown, K., S.1 aFreitas, A., V. L.  u<Go to ISI>://WOS:000242903700005 01671nas a2200145   4500008004100000020001400041245004700055210004500102300001200147490000700159520127900166100002301445700001801468856003901486       2004                        eng d  a1063-515700aPhylogeny of the Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera)0 aPhylogeny of the Nymphalidae Lepidoptera  a363-3830 v533 aA generic-level phylogeny for the butterfly family Nymphalidae was produced by cladistic analysis of 234 characters from all life stages. The 95 species in the matrix (selected from the 213 studied) represent all important recognized lineages within this family. The analysis showed the taxa grouping into six main lineages. The basal branch is the Libytheinae, with the Danainae and Ithomiinae on the next branch. The remaining lineages are grouped into two main branches: the Heliconiinae-Nymphalinae, primarily flower-visitors (but including the fruit-attracted Coeini); and the Limenitidinae ( sensu strictu ), Biblidinae, and the satyroid lineage (Apaturinae, Charaxinae, Biinae, Calinaginae, Morphinae, Brassolinae, and Satyrinae), primarily fruit-attracted. Data partitions showed that the two data sets (immatures and adults) are very different, and a partitioned Bremer support analysis showed that the adult characters are the main source of conflict in the nodes of the combined analysis tree. This phylogeny includes the widest taxon coverage of any morphological study on Nymphalid butterflies to date, and supports the monophyly and relationships of most presently recognized subgroups, providing strong evidence for the presently accepted phylogenetic scheme.1 aFreitas, A., V. L.1 aBrown, K., S.  u<Go to ISI>://WOS:000222351000001 01291nas a2200133   4500008004100000020001400041245014400055210006900199300001000268520080400278100002301082700001301105856003901118       2006                        eng d  a1175-532600aDescription of Genus Guaianaza for "Euptychia" pronophila (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Satyrinae) with a description of the immature stages0 aDescription of Genus Guaianaza for Euptychia pronophila Lepidopt  a49-593 aThe satyrine Euptychia pronophila Butler (Nymphalidae) was described in 1867 in the "catch-all" genus Euptychia, but was recently treated as incertae sedis. A DNA-based cladistic analysis confirms that it belongs to the Euptychiina, as sister to Forsterinaria and closely related to Taygetis, Posttaygetis, Parataygetis, Pseudodebis, and Harjesia. Although immature morphology also suggests that this species is closely related to Forsterinaria, none of the adult morphological synapomorphies for the genera in the aforementioned clade occur in E. pronophila, a highly autapomorphic species. Because we were unable to place it with confidence in an established genus, the monotypic satyrine genus Guaianaza Freitas & Pena New Genus is described, with Euptychia pronophila Butler as the type species.1 aFreitas, A., V. L.1 aPena, C.  u<Go to ISI>://WOS:000236364300002 