02195nas a2200205   4500008004100000020001400041245010700055210006900162300001000231490000700241520157000248100001301818700001701831700002001848700002301868700001401891700002301905700002201928856003901950       2006                        eng d  a1055-790300aHigher level phylogeny of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae) based on DNA sequence data0 aHigher level phylogeny of Satyrinae butterflies Lepidoptera Nymp  a29-490 v403 aWe have inferred the first empirically supported hypothesis of relationships for the cosmopolitan butterfly subfamily Satyrinae. We used 3090 base pairs of DNA from the mitochondrial gene COI and the nuclear genes EF-1 alpha and wingless for 165 Satyrinae taxa representing 4 tribes and 15 subtribes, and 26 outgroups, in order to test the monophyly of the subfamily and elucidate phylogenetic relationships of its major lineages. In a combined analysis, the three gene regions supported an almost fully resolved topology, which recovered Satyrinae as polyphyletic, and revealed that the current classification of suprageneric taxa within the subfamily is comprised almost completely of unnatural assemblages. The most noteworthy findings are that Manataria is closely related to Melanitini; Palaeonympha belongs to Euptychiina; Oressinoma, Orsotriaena and Coenonympha group with the Hypocystina; Miller's (1968). Parargina is polyphyletic and its components group with multiple distantly related lineages; and the subtribes Elymniina and Zetherina fall outside the Satyrinae. The three gene regions used in a combined analysis prove to be very effective in resolving relationships of Satyrinae at the subtribal and tribal levels. Further sampling of the taxa closely related to Satyrinae, as well as more extensive sampling of genera within the tribes and subtribes for this group will be critical to test the monophyly of the subfamily and establish a stronger basis for future biogeographical and evolutionary studies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1 aPena, C.1 aWahlberg, N.1 aWeingartner, E.1 aKodandaramaiah, U.1 aNylin, S.1 aFreitas, A., V. L.1 aBrower, A., V. Z.  u<Go to ISI>://WOS:000238805700004 02480nas a2200205   4500008004100000020001400041245014700055210006900202300001600271490000800287520180100295100001802096700002202114700002202136700001802158700001902176700001802195700002202213856003902235       2008                        eng d  a0027-842400aExtreme diversity of tropical parasitoid wasps exposed by iterative integration of natural history, DNA barcoding, morphology, and collections0 aExtreme diversity of tropical parasitoid wasps exposed by iterat  a12359-123640 v1053 aWe DNA barcoded 2,597 parasitoid wasps belonging to 6 microgastrine braconid genera reared from parapatric tropical dry forest, cloud forest, and rain forest in Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica and combined these data with records of caterpillar hosts and morphological analyses. We asked whether barcoding and morphology discover the same provisional species and whether the biological entities revealed by our analysis are congruent with wasp host specificity. Morphological analysis revealed 171 provisional species, but barcoding exposed an additional 142 provisional species; 95% of the total is likely to be undescribed. These 313 provisional species are extraordinarily host specific; more than 90% attack only 1 or 2 species of caterpillars out of more than 3,500 species. sampled. The most extreme case of overlooked diversity is the morphospecies Apanteles leucostigmus. This minute black wasp with a distinctive white wing stigma was thought to parasitize 32 species of ACG hesperiid caterpillars, but barcoding revealed 36 provisional species, each attacking one or a very few closely related species of caterpillars. When host records and/or within-ACG distributions suggested that DNA barcoding had missed a species-pair, or when provisional species were separated only by slight differences in their barcodes, we examined nuclear sequences to test hypotheses of presumptive species boundaries and to further probe host specificity. Our iterative process of combining morphological analysis, ecology, and DNA barcoding and reiteratively using specimens maintained in permanent collections has resulted in a much more fine-scaled understanding of parasitoid diversity and host specificity than any one of these elements could have produced on its own.1 aSmith, M., A.1 aRodriguez, J., J.1 aWhitfield, J., B.1 aDeans, A., R.1 aJanzen, D., H.1 aHallwachs, W.1 aHebert, P., D. N.  u<Go to ISI>://WOS:000258905700048 02110nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245017000055210006900225300001000294490000700304520154000311100002101851700001801872700002301890856003901913       2007                        eng d  a1466-822X00aSpecies richness, composition and abundance of fruit-feeding butterflies in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: comparison between a fragmented and a continuous landscape0 aSpecies richness composition and abundance of fruitfeeding butte  a43-540 v163 aAim To evaluate frugivorous butterflies as indicators of forest disturbance in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Location The study area is located in the municipality of Cotia, Sao Paulo State, south-eastern Brazil (23 degrees 35'-23 degrees 50' S, 46 degrees 45'-47 degrees 15' W). Methods Sampling was done at four sites inside a large forest block, the Morro Grande State Reserve, and in five forest fragments in an adjacent fragmented landscape. Butterflies were sampled with portable traps, baited with a fermented mixture of banana and sugar cane juice. Sampling was carried out during the period most favourable for the capture of frugivorous butterflies in south-eastern Brazil. Results All richness-related results indicated no effect of forest fragmentation on the frugivorous butterfly guild, concurring with the suggestion of appreciable resistance of Atlantic Forest butterflies to habitat modification. However, species composition discriminated between the two landscapes, indicating that fragmentation may have effects beyond simple species richness. When species were analysed individually, clear patterns of distribution emerged, with some species that were very abundant in the fragmented landscape being practically absent in the continuous landscape, and vice versa. This pattern seems consistent even for some subfamilies. Main Conclusion Our findings support the usefulness of the frugivorous butterfly guild as a biological indicator of forest disturbance effects in one of the world's most threatened ecosystems.1 aUehara-Prado, M.1 aBrown, K., S.1 aFreitas, A., V. L.  u<Go to ISI>://WOS:000242903700005 01697nas a2200133   4500008004100000020001400041245008500055210006900140300001200209490000700221520127000228100002201498856004301520       1983                        eng d  a0024-096600aNOTES ON THE SATYRID BUTTERFLY POPULATIONS OF CORCOVADO NATIONAL PARK COSTA-RICA0 aNOTES ON THE SATYRID BUTTERFLY POPULATIONS OF CORCOVADO NATIONAL  a106-1140 v373 aResults of a mark-release recapture study of satyrid butterflies at Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica are reported. Seven species were captured in undisturbed primary forest along the Olla Trail [Pierella luna, P. helvetia incanescens, Cithaerias menander, Euptychia arneae, E. libye, E. insolata, Taygetis andromeda]. Eleven species, including all but 1 of the species from the undisturbed habitat, were found in the more heterogeneous habitat along the Rio Claro Trail [P. luna, P. h. incanescens, E. arneae, E. hermes, E. libye, E. confusa, E. usitata, E. pseudoconfusa, E. hesione, T. andromeda, C. menander]. Two of the principal forest species, P. luna Fabricius and E. arnaea Fabricius, occur in viscous populations (repeated recaptures within a relatively small area), with a predominance of males among captured individuals. The population structure of C. menander Drury was extremely fluid (no recaptures), with mostly females captured and no behavioral preference for local high points. The other major understory species, P. h. incanescens Godman and Salvin, was not captured often enough to make any significant biological inferences. Results are discussed with reference to theories of competition, character displacement and ecological disturbance.1 aWhittaker, P., L.  u<Go to ISI>://BIOSIS:PREV198477025978 00771nas a2200133   4500008004100000020001400041245008100055210006900136300001200205490000700217520035200224100001800576856004300594       1984                        eng d  a0024-096600aNATURAL HISTORY NOTES FOR TAYGETIS-ANDROMEDA SATYRIDAE IN EASTERN COSTA-RICA0 aNATURAL HISTORY NOTES FOR TAYGETISANDROMEDA SATYRIDAE IN EASTERN  a102-1130 v383 aThe early stages and a larval food plant are reported for the 1st time for T. andromeda (Cramer), as studied in eastern Costa Rica. Various aspects of larval and adult behavior, including feeding and egg placement, are also discussed for this widespread Central American satyrid. The larval food plant is a grass, Acroceras zizanioides (Graminae).1 aYoung, A., M.  u<Go to ISI>://BIOSIS:PREV198579013949 00808nas a2200133   4500008004100000020001400041245008800055210006900143300001000212490000700222520038300229100001900612856004300631       1978                        eng d  a0024-096600aNOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF EUPTYCHIINI LEPIDOPTERA SATYRIDAE FROM THE MEXICAN REGION0 aNOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF EUPTYCHIINI LEPIDOPTERA SATYRIDAE FROM  a75-850 v323 aSpecies of Euptychiini (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) are discussed and/or described. Described as new are Taygetis mermeria griseomarginata (Guerrero, Mexico), Splendeuptychia kendalli (Tamaulipas, Mexico) and Cyllopsis wellingi (Cayo dist., British Honduras). The previously unknown female of Cyllopsis dospassosi L. Miller is described and figured. [S. salvini is also discussed.].1 aMiller, L., D.  u<Go to ISI>://BIOSIS:PREV198070010090 01619nas a2200217   4500008004500000020001400045245007900059210006900138260000800207300001200215490000800227520103600235653001101271653001601282653001101298653001201309653001401321653001601335100001501351856003501366       2001                        Engldsh    a0013-879700aImmature stages and biology of Taygetis Hubner (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae)0 aImmature stages and biology of Taygetis Hubner Lepidoptera Nymph  cOct  a932-9450 v1033 aAlthough euptychiine butterflies are among the most diverse nymphalid group in the lowland neotropics, there is almost no information on their biology or classification. Chaetotaxy and descriptions of euptychiine immatures are presented for the first time. Immature stages of five Taygetis species, T. mermeria (Cramer), T. cleopatra C. Felder and R. Felder, T. laches (Fabricius), T thamyra (Cramer), and T. virgilia (Cramer) are described, and head capsules of each stage are illustrated. Field observations of the adults and larvae are also presented, along with information on host use and habitat associations. All species except one were reared from hosts within Poaceae, T. mermeria and T. virgilia from Guadua angustifolia Kunth, T cleopatra from Olyra latifolia Aublet and Pariana sp., and T. laches from Andropogon sp. Taygetis thamyra was reared from Ischnosiphon sp. (Marantaceae). Important characters for phylogenetic analysis are noted and the utility of larval characters in phylogenetic reconstruction is explored.10abamboo10aEuptychiina10alarvae10aPoaceae10aSatyrinae10asystematics1 aMurray, D.  u<Go to ISI>://000171579100016 01656nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245012800055210006900183260000800252300001000260490000700270520115100277100001501428700002001443856003501463       2005                        eng d  a1055-790300aMolecular phylogenetics and evolutionary history of the neotropical satyrine subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae : Satyrinae)0 aMolecular phylogenetics and evolutionary history of the neotropi  cJan  a67-800 v343 aThe Euptychiina is one of the more diverse lineages of satyrine butterflies, represented by over 300 species. The first phylogenctic analyses of the subtribe is presented based on 2506 aligned nucleotide sequences obtained from 69 individuals spanning 28 ingroup genera and nine outgroup genera. Two genes were used, the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase 1 (1268 bp) and the nuclear gene elongation factor-1alpha (1238 bp). The subtribe is never recovered as monophyletic in analyses using parsimony, maximum likelihood, or Bayesian inference. Several euptychiine genera are placed basal to the ingroup, but support is found only for Euptychia and Oressinoma. Three main lineages within the ingroup were clearly defined and many taxonomic groupings within the clades strongly supported. The majority of genera tested were paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Based on results presented here and novel host use, a close relationship of Euptychia to the Indo-Australian tribe Ragadiini is hypothesized. Origins of the group remain unclear, but the basal position of most of the Nearctic genera is discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1 aMurray, D.1 aProwell, D., P.  u<Go to ISI>://000226169900005 01143nas a2200133   4500008004100000020001400041245010300055210006900158300001200227490000800239520070400247100001900951856003900970       2003                        eng d  a0013-879700aImmature stages and biology of Posttaygetis penelea Cramer (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Satyrinae)0 aImmature stages and biology of Posttaygetis penelea Cramer Lepid  a548-5540 v1053 aPosttaygetis penelea Cramer larvae are common in bamboo understory, present year round, and can be found in a wide variety of habitats. Larvae specialize on woody bamboos within the genus Guadua (Poaceae), and adults are highly associated with bamboo groves. The presence of the host plant is the only important habitat requirement for this species, in that they can be found within bamboo groves in forest habitats, forest edges, and pastures. The immature stages of P. penelea are described and head capsules and chaetotaxy are illustrated. Both larvae and pupae possess distinct features which separate this monotypic genus from the closely related genera Taygetis Hubner and Pseudodebis Forster.1 aMurray, D., L.  u<Go to ISI>://WOS:000183756100004 00483nas a2200097   4500008004100000050002300041245009700064210006900161100002500230856013000255       1987                        eng d  aQL 553.C67D48 198700aThe Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae0 aButterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History Papilionidae1 aDeVries, Phillip, J.  uhttps://taygetis.myspecies.info/en/content/butterflies-costa-rica-and-their-natural-history-papilionidae-pieridae-nymphalidae00413nas a2200109   4500008004100000020001400041245010500055210006900160300001200229100001900241856004300260       1993                        eng d  a0304-371100aTaygetis lineata (Godman and Salvin) (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera: Styridae) rediscovered in Costa Rica0 aTaygetis lineata Godman and Salvin Lepidoptera Rhopalocera Styri  a173-1741 aFinegan, Bryan  u<Go to ISI>://BIOSIS:PREV199699104197 00867nas a2200133   4500008004100000020002700041245012400068210006900192300001200261490000700273520037900280100003100659856004300690       2003                        eng d  a0024-0966 (ISSN print)00aDescription of a new genus for "Euptychia" peculiaris (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): Immature stages and systematic position0 aDescription of a new genus for Euptychia peculiaris Nymphalidae   a100-1060 v573 aBased on distinct character states in life history and adult morphology, the monotypic genus, Taydebis, new genus with "Euptychia" peculiaris Butler as the type species is described. Analysis of the morphological characters and comparisons with four nearby genera suggest that the genus is closely aligned to or should be placed near Taygetis Hubner and Pseudodebis Forster.1 aFreitas, Andre, Victor Luc  u<Go to ISI>://BIOSIS:PREV200300396562 01671nas a2200145   4500008004100000020001400041245004700055210004500102300001200147490000700159520127900166100002301445700001801468856003901486       2004                        eng d  a1063-515700aPhylogeny of the Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera)0 aPhylogeny of the Nymphalidae Lepidoptera  a363-3830 v533 aA generic-level phylogeny for the butterfly family Nymphalidae was produced by cladistic analysis of 234 characters from all life stages. The 95 species in the matrix (selected from the 213 studied) represent all important recognized lineages within this family. The analysis showed the taxa grouping into six main lineages. The basal branch is the Libytheinae, with the Danainae and Ithomiinae on the next branch. The remaining lineages are grouped into two main branches: the Heliconiinae-Nymphalinae, primarily flower-visitors (but including the fruit-attracted Coeini); and the Limenitidinae ( sensu strictu ), Biblidinae, and the satyroid lineage (Apaturinae, Charaxinae, Biinae, Calinaginae, Morphinae, Brassolinae, and Satyrinae), primarily fruit-attracted. Data partitions showed that the two data sets (immatures and adults) are very different, and a partitioned Bremer support analysis showed that the adult characters are the main source of conflict in the nodes of the combined analysis tree. This phylogeny includes the widest taxon coverage of any morphological study on Nymphalid butterflies to date, and supports the monophyly and relationships of most presently recognized subgroups, providing strong evidence for the presently accepted phylogenetic scheme.1 aFreitas, A., V. L.1 aBrown, K., S.  u<Go to ISI>://WOS:000222351000001 01291nas a2200133   4500008004100000020001400041245014400055210006900199300001000268520080400278100002301082700001301105856003901118       2006                        eng d  a1175-532600aDescription of Genus Guaianaza for "Euptychia" pronophila (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Satyrinae) with a description of the immature stages0 aDescription of Genus Guaianaza for Euptychia pronophila Lepidopt  a49-593 aThe satyrine Euptychia pronophila Butler (Nymphalidae) was described in 1867 in the "catch-all" genus Euptychia, but was recently treated as incertae sedis. A DNA-based cladistic analysis confirms that it belongs to the Euptychiina, as sister to Forsterinaria and closely related to Taygetis, Posttaygetis, Parataygetis, Pseudodebis, and Harjesia. Although immature morphology also suggests that this species is closely related to Forsterinaria, none of the adult morphological synapomorphies for the genera in the aforementioned clade occur in E. pronophila, a highly autapomorphic species. Because we were unable to place it with confidence in an established genus, the monotypic satyrine genus Guaianaza Freitas & Pena New Genus is described, with Euptychia pronophila Butler as the type species.1 aFreitas, A., V. L.1 aPena, C.  u<Go to ISI>://WOS:000236364300002 01612nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245012000055210006900175300001200244490000700256520104100263100002501304700002501329700002601354700002301380856003901403       2007                        eng d  a0034-774400aDiversity and distribution of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae) in the Coello river basin, Colombia0 aDiversity and distribution of Satyrinae butterflies Lepidoptera   a645-6530 v553 aWe describe the patterns of diversity and distribution of the subfamily Satyrinae in the Coello river basin (4 degrees 17' 08" N - 74 degrees 35' 36" W: 1 899.31 km(2)) from 433 to 3 600 m. Eleven sampling stations were located; in several ecosystems, The samples were collected during a period of I I days, in March. May, July and October 2003, in three types of habitat (forest, forest edge and meadow). We collected at random, between 09:00 an(] 15:00 br, using entomological nets, A total of 239 individuals (13 genera. 34 species) wore collected. The most abundant species were in the genus Pedaliodes (41.4 %). Richness and diversity had high values in mountainous zones and paramo (> 2 000 m). The greater diversity was measured in the forest edge. The similarity analysis produced two groups: species from warm (Euptychia hesione and Hermeuptychia hermes) and middle (Pseudohaetera hypacsia and Taygetis celia) climate zones; and species, from mountain and paramo (I,Lymanopoda obsoleta, Pedaliodes polusca and Eretris calisto).1 aGarcia-Perez, J., F.1 aOspina-Lopez, L., A.1 aVilla-Navarro, F., A.1 aReinoso-Florez, G.  u<Go to ISI>://WOS:000250013300025 03666nas a2200673   4500008004100000020001400041245009200055210006900147300000900216490000600225520186300231100001902094700001802113700001602131700001802147700001902165700001502184700001502199700001802214700002002232700001702252700002402269700001802293700001902311700002002330700002202350700001802372700001902390700001702409700002102426700001902447700001902466700001602485700001902501700001902520700001502539700001902554700001602573700001502589700001802604700002102622700002002643700002002663700002202683700001702705700002002722700001802742700001802760700002102778700001902799700001702818700001902835700002202854700002102876700001702897700002002914700001902934856003902953       2009                        eng d  a1755-098X00aIntegration of DNA barcoding into an ongoing inventory of complex tropical biodiversity0 aIntegration of DNA barcoding into an ongoing inventory of comple  a1-260 v93 aInventory of the caterpillars, their food plants and parasitoids began in 1978 for today's Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG), in northwestern Costa Rica. This complex mosaic of 120 000 ha of conserved and regenerating dry, cloud and rain forest over 0-2000 m elevation contains at least 10 000 species of non-leaf-mining caterpillars used by more than 5000 species of parasitoids. Several hundred thousand specimens of ACG-reared adult Lepidoptera and parasitoids have been intensively and extensively studied morphologically by many taxonomists, including most of the co-authors. DNA barcoding - the use of a standardized short mitochondrial DNA sequence to identify specimens and flush out undisclosed species - was added to the taxonomic identification process in 2003. Barcoding has been found to be extremely accurate during the identification of about 100 000 specimens of about 3500 morphologically defined species of adult moths, butterflies, tachinid flies, and parasitoid wasps. Less than 1% of the species have such similar barcodes that a molecularly based taxonomic identification is impossible. No specimen with a full barcode was misidentified when its barcode was compared with the barcode library. Also as expected from early trials, barcoding a series from all morphologically defined species, and correlating the morphological, ecological and barcode traits, has revealed many hundreds of overlooked presumptive species. Many but not all of these cryptic species can now be distinguished by subtle morphological and/or ecological traits previously ascribed to 'variation' or thought to be insignificant for species-level recognition. Adding DNA barcoding to the inventory has substantially improved the quality and depth of the inventory, and greatly multiplied the number of situations requiring further taxonomic work for resolution.1 aJanzen, D., H.1 aHallwachs, W.1 aBlandin, P.1 aBurns, J., M.1 aCadiou, J., M.1 aChacon, I.1 aDapkey, T.1 aDeans, A., R.1 aEpstein, M., E.1 aEspinoza, B.1 aFranclemont, J., G.1 aHaber, W., A.1 aHajibabaei, M.1 aHall, J., P. W.1 aHebert, P., D. N.1 aGauld, I., D.1 aHarvey, D., J.1 aHausmann, A.1 aKitching, I., J.1 aLafontaine, D.1 aLandry, J., F.1 aLemaire, C.1 aMiller, J., Y.1 aMiller, J., S.1 aMiller, L.1 aMiller, S., E.1 aMontero, J.1 aMunroe, E.1 aGreen, S., R.1 aRatnasingham, S.1 aRawlins, J., E.1 aRobbins, R., K.1 aRodriguez, J., J.1 aRougerie, R.1 aSharkey, M., J.1 aSmith, M., A.1 aSolis, M., A.1 aSullivan, J., B.1 aThiaucourt, P.1 aWahl, D., B.1 aWeller, S., J.1 aWhitfield, J., B.1 aWillmott, K., R.1 aWood, D., M.1 aWoodley, N., E.1 aWilson, J., J.  u<Go to ISI>://WOS:000265227700001 