@article {13,
	title = {Higher level phylogeny of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae) based on DNA sequence data},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {40},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Times Cited: 28},
	pages = {29-49},
	abstract = {We have inferred the first empirically supported hypothesis of relationships for the cosmopolitan butterfly subfamily Satyrinae. We used 3090 base pairs of DNA from the mitochondrial gene COI and the nuclear genes EF-1 alpha and wingless for 165 Satyrinae taxa representing 4 tribes and 15 subtribes, and 26 outgroups, in order to test the monophyly of the subfamily and elucidate phylogenetic relationships of its major lineages. In a combined analysis, the three gene regions supported an almost fully resolved topology, which recovered Satyrinae as polyphyletic, and revealed that the current classification of suprageneric taxa within the subfamily is comprised almost completely of unnatural assemblages. The most noteworthy findings are that Manataria is closely related to Melanitini; Palaeonympha belongs to Euptychiina; Oressinoma, Orsotriaena and Coenonympha group with the Hypocystina; Miller{\textquoteright}s (1968). Parargina is polyphyletic and its components group with multiple distantly related lineages; and the subtribes Elymniina and Zetherina fall outside the Satyrinae. The three gene regions used in a combined analysis prove to be very effective in resolving relationships of Satyrinae at the subtribal and tribal levels. Further sampling of the taxa closely related to Satyrinae, as well as more extensive sampling of genera within the tribes and subtribes for this group will be critical to test the monophyly of the subfamily and establish a stronger basis for future biogeographical and evolutionary studies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	isbn = {1055-7903},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000238805700004 },
	author = {Pena, C. and Wahlberg, N. and Weingartner, E. and Kodandaramaiah, U. and Nylin, S. and Freitas, A. V. L. and Brower, A. V. Z.}
}
@article {14,
	title = {Extreme diversity of tropical parasitoid wasps exposed by iterative integration of natural history, DNA barcoding, morphology, and collections},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {105},
	number = {34},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Times Cited: 6},
	pages = {12359-12364},
	abstract = {We DNA barcoded 2,597 parasitoid wasps belonging to 6 microgastrine braconid genera reared from parapatric tropical dry forest, cloud forest, and rain forest in Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica and combined these data with records of caterpillar hosts and morphological analyses. We asked whether barcoding and morphology discover the same provisional species and whether the biological entities revealed by our analysis are congruent with wasp host specificity. Morphological analysis revealed 171 provisional species, but barcoding exposed an additional 142 provisional species; 95\% of the total is likely to be undescribed. These 313 provisional species are extraordinarily host specific; more than 90\% attack only 1 or 2 species of caterpillars out of more than 3,500 species. sampled. The most extreme case of overlooked diversity is the morphospecies Apanteles leucostigmus. This minute black wasp with a distinctive white wing stigma was thought to parasitize 32 species of ACG hesperiid caterpillars, but barcoding revealed 36 provisional species, each attacking one or a very few closely related species of caterpillars. When host records and/or within-ACG distributions suggested that DNA barcoding had missed a species-pair, or when provisional species were separated only by slight differences in their barcodes, we examined nuclear sequences to test hypotheses of presumptive species boundaries and to further probe host specificity. Our iterative process of combining morphological analysis, ecology, and DNA barcoding and reiteratively using specimens maintained in permanent collections has resulted in a much more fine-scaled understanding of parasitoid diversity and host specificity than any one of these elements could have produced on its own.},
	isbn = {0027-8424},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000258905700048 },
	author = {Smith, M. A. and Rodriguez, J. J. and Whitfield, J. B. and Deans, A. R. and Janzen, D. H. and Hallwachs, W. and Hebert, P. D. N.}
}
@article {15,
	title = {Species richness, composition and abundance of fruit-feeding butterflies in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: comparison between a fragmented and a continuous landscape},
	journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
	volume = {16},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Times Cited: 11},
	pages = {43-54},
	abstract = {Aim To evaluate frugivorous butterflies as indicators of forest disturbance in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Location The study area is located in the municipality of Cotia, Sao Paulo State, south-eastern Brazil (23 degrees 35{\textquoteright}-23 degrees 50{\textquoteright} S, 46 degrees 45{\textquoteright}-47 degrees 15{\textquoteright} W). Methods Sampling was done at four sites inside a large forest block, the Morro Grande State Reserve, and in five forest fragments in an adjacent fragmented landscape. Butterflies were sampled with portable traps, baited with a fermented mixture of banana and sugar cane juice. Sampling was carried out during the period most favourable for the capture of frugivorous butterflies in south-eastern Brazil. Results All richness-related results indicated no effect of forest fragmentation on the frugivorous butterfly guild, concurring with the suggestion of appreciable resistance of Atlantic Forest butterflies to habitat modification. However, species composition discriminated between the two landscapes, indicating that fragmentation may have effects beyond simple species richness. When species were analysed individually, clear patterns of distribution emerged, with some species that were very abundant in the fragmented landscape being practically absent in the continuous landscape, and vice versa. This pattern seems consistent even for some subfamilies. Main Conclusion Our findings support the usefulness of the frugivorous butterfly guild as a biological indicator of forest disturbance effects in one of the world{\textquoteright}s most threatened ecosystems.},
	isbn = {1466-822X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000242903700005 },
	author = {Uehara-Prado, M. and Brown, K. S. and Freitas, A. V. L.}
}
@article {16,
	title = {NOTES ON THE SATYRID BUTTERFLY POPULATIONS OF CORCOVADO NATIONAL PARK COSTA-RICA},
	journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society},
	volume = {37},
	number = {2},
	year = {1983},
	note = {Times Cited: 0},
	pages = {106-114},
	abstract = {Results of a mark-release recapture study of satyrid butterflies at Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica are reported. Seven species were captured in undisturbed primary forest along the Olla Trail [Pierella luna, P. helvetia incanescens, Cithaerias menander, Euptychia arneae, E. libye, E. insolata, Taygetis andromeda]. Eleven species, including all but 1 of the species from the undisturbed habitat, were found in the more heterogeneous habitat along the Rio Claro Trail [P. luna, P. h. incanescens, E. arneae, E. hermes, E. libye, E. confusa, E. usitata, E. pseudoconfusa, E. hesione, T. andromeda, C. menander]. Two of the principal forest species, P. luna Fabricius and E. arnaea Fabricius, occur in viscous populations (repeated recaptures within a relatively small area), with a predominance of males among captured individuals. The population structure of C. menander Drury was extremely fluid (no recaptures), with mostly females captured and no behavioral preference for local high points. The other major understory species, P. h. incanescens Godman and Salvin, was not captured often enough to make any significant biological inferences. Results are discussed with reference to theories of competition, character displacement and ecological disturbance.},
	isbn = {0024-0966},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://BIOSIS:PREV198477025978 },
	author = {Whittaker, P. L.}
}
@article {17,
	title = {NATURAL HISTORY NOTES FOR TAYGETIS-ANDROMEDA SATYRIDAE IN EASTERN COSTA-RICA},
	journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society},
	volume = {38},
	number = {2},
	year = {1984},
	note = {Times Cited: 0},
	pages = {102-113},
	abstract = {The early stages and a larval food plant are reported for the 1st time for T. andromeda (Cramer), as studied in eastern Costa Rica. Various aspects of larval and adult behavior, including feeding and egg placement, are also discussed for this widespread Central American satyrid. The larval food plant is a grass, Acroceras zizanioides (Graminae).},
	isbn = {0024-0966},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://BIOSIS:PREV198579013949 },
	author = {Young, A. M.}
}
@article {9,
	title = {NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF EUPTYCHIINI LEPIDOPTERA SATYRIDAE FROM THE MEXICAN REGION},
	journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society},
	volume = {32},
	number = {2},
	year = {1978},
	note = {Times Cited: 0},
	pages = {75-85},
	abstract = {Species of Euptychiini (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) are discussed and/or described. Described as new are Taygetis mermeria griseomarginata (Guerrero, Mexico), Splendeuptychia kendalli (Tamaulipas, Mexico) and Cyllopsis wellingi (Cayo dist., British Honduras). The previously unknown female of Cyllopsis dospassosi L. Miller is described and figured. [S. salvini is also discussed.].},
	isbn = {0024-0966},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://BIOSIS:PREV198070010090 },
	author = {Miller, L. D.}
}
@article {10,
	title = {Immature stages and biology of Taygetis Hubner (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae)},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington},
	volume = {103},
	number = {4},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 482MCTimes Cited: 5Cited Reference Count: 19},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {932-945},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Although euptychiine butterflies are among the most diverse nymphalid group in the lowland neotropics, there is almost no information on their biology or classification. Chaetotaxy and descriptions of euptychiine immatures are presented for the first time. Immature stages of five Taygetis species, T. mermeria (Cramer), T. cleopatra C. Felder and R. Felder, T. laches (Fabricius), T thamyra (Cramer), and T. virgilia (Cramer) are described, and head capsules of each stage are illustrated. Field observations of the adults and larvae are also presented, along with information on host use and habitat associations. All species except one were reared from hosts within Poaceae, T. mermeria and T. virgilia from Guadua angustifolia Kunth, T cleopatra from Olyra latifolia Aublet and Pariana sp., and T. laches from Andropogon sp. Taygetis thamyra was reared from Ischnosiphon sp. (Marantaceae). Important characters for phylogenetic analysis are noted and the utility of larval characters in phylogenetic reconstruction is explored.},
	keywords = {bamboo, Euptychiina, larvae, Poaceae, Satyrinae, systematics},
	isbn = {0013-8797},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000171579100016 },
	author = {Murray, D.}
}
@article {11,
	title = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary history of the neotropical satyrine subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae : Satyrinae)},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {34},
	number = {1},
	year = {2005},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {67-80},
	abstract = {The Euptychiina is one of the more diverse lineages of satyrine butterflies, represented by over 300 species. The first phylogenctic analyses of the subtribe is presented based on 2506 aligned nucleotide sequences obtained from 69 individuals spanning 28 ingroup genera and nine outgroup genera. Two genes were used, the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase 1 (1268 bp) and the nuclear gene elongation factor-1alpha (1238 bp). The subtribe is never recovered as monophyletic in analyses using parsimony, maximum likelihood, or Bayesian inference. Several euptychiine genera are placed basal to the ingroup, but support is found only for Euptychia and Oressinoma. Three main lineages within the ingroup were clearly defined and many taxonomic groupings within the clades strongly supported. The majority of genera tested were paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Based on results presented here and novel host use, a close relationship of Euptychia to the Indo-Australian tribe Ragadiini is hypothesized. Origins of the group remain unclear, but the basal position of most of the Nearctic genera is discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	isbn = {1055-7903},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000226169900005 },
	author = {Murray, D. and Prowell, D. P.}
}
@article {12,
	title = {Immature stages and biology of Posttaygetis penelea Cramer (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Satyrinae)},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington},
	volume = {105},
	number = {3},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Times Cited: 3},
	pages = {548-554},
	abstract = {Posttaygetis penelea Cramer larvae are common in bamboo understory, present year round, and can be found in a wide variety of habitats. Larvae specialize on woody bamboos within the genus Guadua (Poaceae), and adults are highly associated with bamboo groves. The presence of the host plant is the only important habitat requirement for this species, in that they can be found within bamboo groves in forest habitats, forest edges, and pastures. The immature stages of P. penelea are described and head capsules and chaetotaxy are illustrated. Both larvae and pupae possess distinct features which separate this monotypic genus from the closely related genera Taygetis Hubner and Pseudodebis Forster.},
	isbn = {0013-8797},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000183756100004 },
	author = {Murray, D. L.}
}
@article {2,
	title = {The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae},
	year = {1987},
	type = {Book},
	author = {DeVries, Phillip J.}
}
@article {3,
	title = {Taygetis lineata (Godman and Salvin) (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera: Styridae) rediscovered in Costa Rica},
	journal = {Brenesia},
	number = {39-40},
	year = {1993},
	note = {Times Cited: 0},
	pages = {173-174},
	isbn = {0304-3711},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://BIOSIS:PREV199699104197 },
	author = {Finegan, Bryan}
}
@article {4,
	title = {Description of a new genus for "Euptychia" peculiaris (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): Immature stages and systematic position},
	journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society},
	volume = {57},
	number = {2},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Times Cited: 0},
	pages = {100-106},
	abstract = {Based on distinct character states in life history and adult morphology, the monotypic genus, Taydebis, new genus with "Euptychia" peculiaris Butler as the type species is described. Analysis of the morphological characters and comparisons with four nearby genera suggest that the genus is closely aligned to or should be placed near Taygetis Hubner and Pseudodebis Forster.},
	isbn = {0024-0966 (ISSN print)},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://BIOSIS:PREV200300396562 },
	author = {Freitas, Andre Victor Lucci}
}
@article {5,
	title = {Phylogeny of the Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera)},
	journal = {Systematic Biology},
	volume = {53},
	number = {3},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Times Cited: 41},
	pages = {363-383},
	abstract = {A generic-level phylogeny for the butterfly family Nymphalidae was produced by cladistic analysis of 234 characters from all life stages. The 95 species in the matrix (selected from the 213 studied) represent all important recognized lineages within this family. The analysis showed the taxa grouping into six main lineages. The basal branch is the Libytheinae, with the Danainae and Ithomiinae on the next branch. The remaining lineages are grouped into two main branches: the Heliconiinae-Nymphalinae, primarily flower-visitors (but including the fruit-attracted Coeini); and the Limenitidinae ( sensu strictu ), Biblidinae, and the satyroid lineage (Apaturinae, Charaxinae, Biinae, Calinaginae, Morphinae, Brassolinae, and Satyrinae), primarily fruit-attracted. Data partitions showed that the two data sets (immatures and adults) are very different, and a partitioned Bremer support analysis showed that the adult characters are the main source of conflict in the nodes of the combined analysis tree. This phylogeny includes the widest taxon coverage of any morphological study on Nymphalid butterflies to date, and supports the monophyly and relationships of most presently recognized subgroups, providing strong evidence for the presently accepted phylogenetic scheme.},
	isbn = {1063-5157},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000222351000001 },
	author = {Freitas, A. V. L. and Brown, K. S.}
}
@article {6,
	title = {Description of Genus Guaianaza for "Euptychia" pronophila (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Satyrinae) with a description of the immature stages},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	number = {1163},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Times Cited: 3},
	pages = {49-59},
	abstract = {The satyrine Euptychia pronophila Butler (Nymphalidae) was described in 1867 in the "catch-all" genus Euptychia, but was recently treated as incertae sedis. A DNA-based cladistic analysis confirms that it belongs to the Euptychiina, as sister to Forsterinaria and closely related to Taygetis, Posttaygetis, Parataygetis, Pseudodebis, and Harjesia. Although immature morphology also suggests that this species is closely related to Forsterinaria, none of the adult morphological synapomorphies for the genera in the aforementioned clade occur in E. pronophila, a highly autapomorphic species. Because we were unable to place it with confidence in an established genus, the monotypic satyrine genus Guaianaza Freitas \& Pena New Genus is described, with Euptychia pronophila Butler as the type species.},
	isbn = {1175-5326},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000236364300002 },
	author = {Freitas, A. V. L. and Pena, C.}
}
@article {7,
	title = {Diversity and distribution of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae) in the Coello river basin, Colombia},
	journal = {Revista De Biologia Tropical},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Times Cited: 0},
	pages = {645-653},
	abstract = {We describe the patterns of diversity and distribution of the subfamily Satyrinae in the Coello river basin (4 degrees 17{\textquoteright} 08" N - 74 degrees 35{\textquoteright} 36" W: 1 899.31 km(2)) from 433 to 3 600 m. Eleven sampling stations were located; in several ecosystems, The samples were collected during a period of I I days, in March. May, July and October 2003, in three types of habitat (forest, forest edge and meadow). We collected at random, between 09:00 an(] 15:00 br, using entomological nets, A total of 239 individuals (13 genera. 34 species) wore collected. The most abundant species were in the genus Pedaliodes (41.4 \%). Richness and diversity had high values in mountainous zones and paramo (> 2 000 m). The greater diversity was measured in the forest edge. The similarity analysis produced two groups: species from warm (Euptychia hesione and Hermeuptychia hermes) and middle (Pseudohaetera hypacsia and Taygetis celia) climate zones; and species, from mountain and paramo (I,Lymanopoda obsoleta, Pedaliodes polusca and Eretris calisto).},
	isbn = {0034-7744},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000250013300025 },
	author = {Garcia-Perez, J. F. and Ospina-Lopez, L. A. and Villa-Navarro, F. A. and Reinoso-Florez, G.}
}
@article {8,
	title = {Integration of DNA barcoding into an ongoing inventory of complex tropical biodiversity},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology Resources},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Times Cited: 1},
	pages = {1-26},
	abstract = {Inventory of the caterpillars, their food plants and parasitoids began in 1978 for today{\textquoteright}s Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG), in northwestern Costa Rica. This complex mosaic of 120 000 ha of conserved and regenerating dry, cloud and rain forest over 0-2000 m elevation contains at least 10 000 species of non-leaf-mining caterpillars used by more than 5000 species of parasitoids. Several hundred thousand specimens of ACG-reared adult Lepidoptera and parasitoids have been intensively and extensively studied morphologically by many taxonomists, including most of the co-authors. DNA barcoding - the use of a standardized short mitochondrial DNA sequence to identify specimens and flush out undisclosed species - was added to the taxonomic identification process in 2003. Barcoding has been found to be extremely accurate during the identification of about 100 000 specimens of about 3500 morphologically defined species of adult moths, butterflies, tachinid flies, and parasitoid wasps. Less than 1\% of the species have such similar barcodes that a molecularly based taxonomic identification is impossible. No specimen with a full barcode was misidentified when its barcode was compared with the barcode library. Also as expected from early trials, barcoding a series from all morphologically defined species, and correlating the morphological, ecological and barcode traits, has revealed many hundreds of overlooked presumptive species. Many but not all of these cryptic species can now be distinguished by subtle morphological and/or ecological traits previously ascribed to {\textquoteright}variation{\textquoteright} or thought to be insignificant for species-level recognition. Adding DNA barcoding to the inventory has substantially improved the quality and depth of the inventory, and greatly multiplied the number of situations requiring further taxonomic work for resolution.},
	isbn = {1755-098X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000265227700001 },
	author = {Janzen, D. H. and Hallwachs, W. and Blandin, P. and Burns, J. M. and Cadiou, J. M. and Chacon, I. and Dapkey, T. and Deans, A. R. and Epstein, M. E. and Espinoza, B. and Franclemont, J. G. and Haber, W. A. and Hajibabaei, M. and Hall, J. P. W. and Hebert, P. D. N. and Gauld, I. D. and Harvey, D. J. and Hausmann, A. and Kitching, I. J. and Lafontaine, D. and Landry, J. F. and Lemaire, C. and Miller, J. Y. and Miller, J. S. and Miller, L. and Miller, S. E. and Montero, J. and Munroe, E. and Green, S. R. and Ratnasingham, S. and Rawlins, J. E. and Robbins, R. K. and Rodriguez, J. J. and Rougerie, R. and Sharkey, M. J. and Smith, M. A. and Solis, M. A. and Sullivan, J. B. and Thiaucourt, P. and Wahl, D. B. and Weller, S. J. and Whitfield, J. B. and Willmott, K. R. and Wood, D. M. and Woodley, N. E. and Wilson, J. J.}
}
